Prof. Dr. Süleyman Salman

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a disease of the female reproductive system that develops when tissue resembling the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. Normally, the endometrium, located within the lining of the uterus, thickens and sheds each month due to hormones, and is shed as menstrual bleeding. However, in the case of endometriosis, endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, such as in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic membranes, or other organs (e.g., the intestines, bladder, or, rarely, the lungs). This growth can have a variety of effects on both the organs and the woman's health. Endometriosis usually manifests itself in conjunction with menstruation, but in some cases, symptoms may appear later and the disease can progress. Symptoms can vary depending on the location and extent of the tissue. The most common symptoms include severe menstrual cramps, pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, bowel or bladder problems, difficulties with in vitro fertilization (IVF), and sometimes infertility.

The exact cause of endometriosis is not yet fully understood. However, genetic factors, immune system problems, hormones, and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of this disease. Women with a family history of endometriosis are at increased risk of developing the disease. Furthermore, the immune system's inability to destroy endometrial tissue, which is already part of the body, may also contribute to the development of endometriosis.

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Endometriosis treatment varies depending on the severity of the disease, the patient's age, symptoms, and desire to have children. Treatment options include medications, hormone therapy, surgery, and lifestyle changes. Medication is generally used to manage pain and prevent progression of the disease. Hormone therapy is used to stop or limit the growth of endometrial tissue. However, hormone therapy may not be suitable for every patient and can cause side effects.

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Surgical treatment is particularly recommended for patients who do not respond to medication or who are experiencing infertility problems. Surgery aims to remove endometrial tissue or cleanse the areas where this tissue has settled. Laparoscopic surgery is generally the preferred method for this condition. This method involves entering the abdominal area through small incisions and removing the endometriosis. After surgery, patients can lead healthier lives with less severe pain. However, the success of surgery depends on the extent of endometriosis spread.

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In some women, endometriosis can lead to infertility. This is because the endometrial tissue can damage the ovaries and fallopian tubes, interfere with ovulation, or interfere with fertilization. IVF and other assisted reproductive technologies may be options for women experiencing infertility due to endometriosis.​​

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Endometriosis is a disease that can significantly impact quality of life. Symptoms can make daily life difficult, restrict social life, and have psychological effects. Therefore, it is important for patients to receive psychological support during the treatment process. Furthermore, women with endometriosis require regular follow-up and adherence to treatment.

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In conclusion, endometriosis is a complex and multifaceted disease. Each individual's experience is different, and treatment options should be tailored to each individual. With advancements in modern medicine, endometriosis is being diagnosed earlier and treatment methods are becoming more effective. However, raising awareness about this disease, conducting more research, and supporting patients throughout their treatment process are crucial.